全面控制可持续能源系统的运行
制定有效的措施提高能源效率，始终是推动行业发展的核心力量, 已经在提供创新技术、改善化石资源和可再生资源利用、以及发电方面取得了重大进展。然而，这些还不足以达到未来所要求的目标。 未来，能源系统产生的温室气体一定要比目前大幅减少。为了实现这一目标，必须应对随着可再生能源份额大幅增加带来的电网波动性的增加以及越来越多的日益分散的小规模发电设施。这项工作需要不同市场上的众多运营者从经营和技术这两个方面形成一股合力，从而打造出一个全新商业模式下运行的复杂的能源供应系统。因此，将来不仅需要对能源转换过程的各个环节和硬件实施改进，而且，数字化技术必将成为运营和管理稳定且可持续发展的能源系统、以及系统各组成部分的关键所在。 花几分钟听听资深专家怎么说：
市场正在变得更加多样化
管理能源系统从来都不是一件轻松的事情。但是，随着数字化带来的新机遇，管理可再生能源系统现在（和将来）变得越来越具有挑战性。同时，还将给更多的市场参与者带来更多机会，给企业带来利润。
丹麦 DTU 科技大学电力能源中心负责人 Jacob Østergaard 教授谈 IT 发展主要趋势和对市场参与者有哪些影响。
智能的数字化技术带来新的机遇
市场中的参与者越来越多，因此，产生的数据量也远远大于从前。例如，仅仅是一台大型的燃气轮机上就有数百个传感器，这些传感器每秒钟测量一次温度、压力、流道及气体组分的数据。而所有生产者、产销者和消费者必须通过一种智能化的方式实现相互连通，以便使未来的能源系统能稳定运行。为了实现这一点，除了抓住数字化带来的机遇以外没有其他更好的办法；所以，必须通过先进的分析方法来保证这些数据得到智能化的评估和利用。
Energy Use
The cleanest energy is the energy that isn’t needed. There is a huge potential for energy conservation, especially in buildings, industry and transportation. Saving energy and using energy more efficiently are the two main factors involved in creating a sustainable energy supply for the future. This can be achieved by controlling energy consumption and integrating energy-saving products and solutions in buildings, industry and transportation.
Electric engines account for nearly two-thirds of the electric energy used in industry, for example for conveyor technology or pumps. With optimized solutions, the energy consumption of industrial drives can be lowered by up to 30 percent. Worldwide, about 40 percent of energy is consumed by buildings. Here too a lot can be achieved: through heat insulation and pumps, smart building technology, or efficient lighting.
of the world's
energy is consumed
by buildings21%
of greenhouse gas
emissions come
from buildingsUp to 40%energy savings can be realized through
Intellingent Building Automation
Energy Storage
Today’s energy mix leads to fast-changing imbalances between generation and load, impacting grid stability and power quality. Battery storage can act as an energy consumer as well as producer. This combination helps to improve grid stability and enable greater integration of renewable energy sources. Thus the grid can utilize more available energy.
Alternative you can feed surplus power into an electrolyzer, which uses electricity to decompose water into hydrogen, and oxygen and generates heat. The obtained hydrogen can be stored and used to fuel a gas turbine and in several industrial processes.
Since the supply of power from wind isirregular, power storage and converting
systems will be a necessity.
Renewables
Wind, photovoltaik, small hydropower plants and biomass greatly contribute to meeting power demand and environmental awareness. Especially offshore wind power plants with an installed generating capacity in the triple-digit megawatt range are already in operation and deliver great amounts of electricity with a high degree of continuity. But a growing number of onshore wind farms are being sited in regions with moderate to low wind speeds. Therefore we offer a new generation of wind turbines, which extract the maximum energy yield from low to moderate wind velocities.
Also solar energy has a great potential and is an inexhaustible energy source. As a long-term, reliable source of energy, the sun provides a huge annual amount of energy. Thanks to the technological advance of recent years and the development of the photovoltaics market, PV systems are now ready for large-scale production of electricity. And if we would like to turn water into energy small hydropower plants have proven to be a sustainable source of energy as well.
For example Germany. “In 2030, there will be 44,100 wind turbines along with 3,000,000 photovoltaik systems.”
Central Power Generation
If clouds block the sun or the wind dies, power fluctuations must be balanced out quickly. Gas-fired power plants that can be started up quickly are ideal for this. Combined with a steam turbine, the world´s most efficient combined heat and power plant (CHP) from Siemens can convert approx. 61,5 percent of the energy from natural gas into electricity. Thanks to its CHP concept the overall fuel efficiency increases to 85 percent.
World records at the
Lausward Unit “Fortuna”,
Duesseldorf
603.8 MW(el)Plant net efficiency ~61.5 percentSteam extraction district
heating 300MW(th)
Financing
When cities and buildings look for technologies to reduce their energy consumption, smart financing solutions are often needed to overcome the shortage of funds. When engineering and financing solutions come together, buildings can unlock huge energy saving potential – in consumption and in cost. A good example of this is Siemens' energy performance contracting for building technologies – a combination of consulting, modernization services and customized financing. With this, customers do not need to make any initial investment; they simply use the energy cost savings to pay the installments.
Worldwide, Siemens has modernized more than 5,200 buildings this way, with more than €1 billion in savings and more than ten millions tons of CO2 reductions.
cycle
Energy performance contracting:
a self-financing cycle
Microgrid
In the future, not only large plants but also millions of small and medium-sized power producers will feed electricity into the grid. More and more former consumers of energy are becoming producers as well. This fact, and the fluctuating feed-ins of renewable energy, make intelligent power grids necessary for power distribution. With “Smart Grids” like these, Siemens helps to achieve the right balance between electricity production and demand - throughout the world, and here in Germany.
5 times as much power
produced as consumed
The village of
Wildpoldsried produces
5 times more power from
renewable sources than it
consumes.
Natural Gas
Natural gas accounts for around 25% of the global energy demand. The proven reserves climb new highs, based on deep sea exploration and unconventional resources. As the cleanest fossil energy resource natural gas will continue to increase its share of the global energy mix, growing at 1.8% per year until 2035. Gas trade is primarily carried out as Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and by pipelines. Mission critical technology from Siemens makes the total process from production of gas via transportation to electrical power more safe and efficient.
Growing importance
of natural gas globally
Power Transmission
Should primarily be used where they occur in abundance: solar energy in sun-drenched areas and wind energy on the high seas. Therefore, long-distance networks must be further expanded, beyond national boundaries, using classic overhead lines, cables or gas-insulated lines. Besides classical high-voltage AC connections, high-efficiency power superhighways with high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) technology can be used for very long distances.
For example, in a HVDC Technology project in China, Siemens has shown that around 95 percent of the electricity makes it to the consumers, even over a distance of 1,400 kilometers and at a transmission capacity of 5,000 megawatts.
Delivering electricity right to where it is needed.Power Distribution
The requirements on power distribution and therefore on medium- and low-voltage grids are increasing continuously. Changing directions of power flow, load and voltage fluctuations, which are caused especially by the strongly growing number of power supplies from volatile power sources, e.g. photovoltaic/biogas plants and wind farms, make the distribution grids of today go to their capacity limits. The solution is an active distribution grid with intelligent transformer substations as key components. These contribute to an active load management in the distribution grid and enable an automatic and fast fault clearance in case of disturbances.
Self-healing grid for Rotterdam harbor district Stedin, Netherlands
System restart in less
than a minute
Grid Control & Applications
Information technology is what we need to get the meter data and the consumption data into the system so that we can measure consumption and draw the necessary conclusions. Automation technology makes the meter data available for outage management and outage measurement in the grids. So this is where operations technology and information technology become one. The collected data is stored and analyzed, in the interests of stable and efficient power supply.
The enabling factor for all of Siemens’ cross-sectoral solutions is a smart grid that allows an intelligent energy management.
smart meters
are estimated to be installed globally leading to 280
petabytes of data a yearstorage capacity of
22,400,000
BluRay discs
Oil
Oil consumption is expected to grow and crude oil remains the dominant primary energy source for the next 20 years. Especially transport fuel is dominated by oil, its low relevance in electrical power generation will further decrease. Oil reserves are enough not at least thanks to exploration and production in deep sea regions and opening production from unconventional resources like oil sands. Furthermore, enhanced oil recovery technologies for mature fields enable to get more out of a field. Siemens innovative technology makes production, transportation and processing more efficient and environmentally compatible.
- Electricity generation
- Resid./comm./Agriculture
- Other industry
- Petrochemicals
- Transportation
Conventional power plants
Fossil Resources
Fossil fuels will continue to account for a large share of the future energy mix
- Natural gas will remain the main fossil energy source, due to its relatively low CO2 emissions,
- New reserves and production technologies will make gas available for the long term
- Oil will be used less in power generation, but is the basis for many other products and processes
- Oil production becomes more complex: more technology per barrel is needed
- Coal is the most plentiful and widespread fossil energy source
Combined Cycle Power Plants
Gas-fired power plants provide reliable, efficient and clean energy
- Simple cycle power plants (gas turbine and generator) ensure flexibility for various ways of operation
- In combined cycle power plants, exhaust heat from the gas turbine is used to produce steam for the generation of additional electricity
- In power plants with Combined Heat and Power the overall efficiency rises to 85%
- Siemens services increase efficiency, improve flexibility and prolong an assets‘ service life
Steam Power Plants
State of the art steam power plants will remain the backbone of many energy systems
- State of the art coal fired power plants for best efficiency at base load operation
- Innovations improve plant performance, start-up times and efficiency in part load operation
- Siemens steam turbines (range: 45 kW to 1,900 MW) make best possible use of steam from diverse fuels and heat sources
- Siemens steam turbines are persistent and low-maintenance
- Modernizing existing steam turbine generator equipment can be more cost-effective and faster than the installation of new equipment
Nuclear Power
The importance of nuclear power will remain high on a global scale
- Despite the expected decrease of nuclear power generation, the absolute generation capacity will still rise
- Relatively low fuel cost of nuclear-powered steam turbine generators make equipment modernization and life extension programs often more lucrative and faster than the installation of new plants
- Siemens provides services for the modernizing of the turbine generator and its auxiliaries during scheduled outagese
Renewable energy
Wind Power
On its way to a profitable future
- Offshore wind power is the renewable energy source with the greatest energy potential
- Wind power plants with a capacity in the triple-digit megawatt range are already in operation
- Wind turbines greatly contribute to meeting power demand and environmental awareness
- Onshore wind power plants are a leading technology for distributed power generation
- More and more small-scale wind power plants complement private power generation
Hydropower
Large hydropower plants are the only renewable power plants that can steadily deliver large quantities of electricity
- Siemens is a shareholder of VoithHydro, a one-stop supplier of equipment for hydropower plants
- Small and large hydro power plants work on the same principle
- The power of the tides is a nearly untapped but very efficient source of clean energy. Ocean power plants’ energy yield is precisely predictable
Solar Power
Solar power converts the sun’s energy into electricity
- As a one-stop supplier of key components of concentrated solar power plants, Siemens is able to offer products customized for the needs of each solar field, optimally combined in a so-called power block solution
- Modern steam turbines for solar power plants have a capacity range from 1.5 MW to more than 250 MW
- A power block solution from Siemens can be integrated seamlessly into an existing combined cycle or coal fired power plant. Innovative control systems enable the full integration of solar power plants
Biomass
The use of biomass as a fuel is CO2-neutral
- Modern biomass power plants achieve an efficiency of over 80% generating electricity and district heat
- Siemens turbine generator sets have been deployed in over 100 biomass-fueled plants in the past decade
- The reliability and availability of steam turbine and generator are especially important
- Siemens services range from exclusive framework contracts to remote monitoring, helping boost a plant‘s performance
- Inspections, preventive maintenance, condition-based monitoring, and replacement parts programs can be adapted individually
Storage
Hydrogen Storage
Turning electricity into a synthetical gas
- Surplus power from renewable sources is fed into an electrolyzer, which uses electricity to decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen
- The hydrogen can be stored and used in industrial processes
- Siemens has developed an electrolysis system based on proton exchange membrane (PEM) technology, which allows large volumes of energy to be stored
Battery Storage
Quick power for peak load periods.
- Modular storage units using lithium-ion accumulators can quickly provide electricity when needed
- Ideally suited for load regulation and voltage stabilization
- Energy storage can be applied in micro grids (e.g. industries) with renewable power generation to ensure a self-sufficient, reliable power supply
Pumped Storage Power Plants
- At periods of low power demand, reservoirs, e.g. on hilltops, are filled with water using electric pumps
- During times of peak power demand the water is released to generate energy via hydro turbines
Energy management
Transmission
Strengthening the power highways of the energy system
- Siemens’ AC and DC power transmission solutions help bridge the longest distances safely and reliably
- Advantages of Siemens high-voltage products: short commissioning times, a long service life, excellent earthquake safety
- Siemens provides transformers for every requirement – from compact distribution transformers to large power transformers with ratings over 1,000 MVA
Distribution
Delivering energy reliably where it is needed – a consistent portfolio for medium- and low-voltage applications
- Ensure that electricity reliably reaches the consumers
- Applicable for city and utility grids, industrial applications and infrastructures
- Fundamentally important for a reliable, efficient, and stable power supply
- Siemens has a long-standing experience for planning and design, innovative software and technology solutions and know-how with repairs, maintenance and updates to improve the efficiency and reliability of power supply systems
Smart Grid
Digitalization drives change in energy systems
- Smart Grids enable a bidirectional flow of energy and information
- They are required for the integration of more renewable energy sources in the network
- Power providers can run their plants more efficiently with data gained from Smart Grids
Energy Consumption
E-Mobility
The mobile aspect of Smart Grids
- Electric vehicles operate emission-free and can be perfectly integrated into a Smart Grid
- They can serve as mobile power storage units when renewable power generation exceeds demand
Commerce and Production
Industrial consumers are becoming prosumers interested in energy efficiency potentials
- Large productions plants with their own power plant feed power into the public grid and sell it
- Due to their complexity business facilities that require large amounts of power often have a high energy efficiency potential, which can be leveraged through energy-saving building technologies
- Siemens helps companies to save energy, preserve resources, and sustainably protect the environment while reducing costs
- With innovative building technology solutions Siemens enables high energy efficiency throughout the entire lifecycle of buildings
Industry
Reliable energy and efficiency know-how for industrial applications
- Industry accounts for a high share of the total energy consumption (Germany: nearly half the total)
- Savings potential: more efficient technologies, storage solutions, and Smart Grid structures
- Energy and resource-efficient production gives industrial companies a competitive edge and benefits the environment
- Siemens technologies minimize the use of energy and resources in manufacturing and enhance productivity
- Reliable power distribution is the basis for the stable and efficient operation of all industrial applications
- Siemens solutions ensure a reliable, efficient, and stable power supply for industrial applications
Private
Smarter use of electricity
- Smart meters in private households are a key to Smart Grids
- They enable flexible electricity tariffs, optimize electricity consumption, and help avoid expensive consumption peaks
- In the future, smart home appliances could be controlled to achieve optimal cost and energy efficiency
